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![]() Office 2016 64 Bit Free Software FoundationDesktop Linux distributions include a windowing system such as X11 or Wayland, and a desktop environment such as GNOME or KDE Plasma. Commercial distributions include Red Hat Enterprise Linux and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server. Popular Linux distributions include Debian, Fedora, and Ubuntu. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name " GNU/Linux" to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution.Microsoft Office 2016 64 Bit free download - Microsoft Office 2016 Preview (32-bit), Microsoft Office 2016, Microsoft Office 2010 Service Pack 2 (64-Bit), and many more programsDistributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Screenshots Download NowLinux ( / ˈ l i n ʊ k s/ ( listen) LEEN-uuks or / ˈ l ɪ n ʊ k s/ LIN-uuks ) is a family of open-source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds.Although it is used by only around 2.3 percent of desktop computers, the Chromebook, which runs the Linux kernel-based Chrome OS, dominates the US K–12 education market and represents nearly 20 percent of sub-$300 notebook sales in the US. Because of the dominance of the Linux-based Android on smartphones, Linux also has the largest installed base of all general-purpose operating systems. Linux was originally developed for personal computers based on the Intel x86 architecture, but has since been ported to more platforms than any other operating system. Because Linux is freely redistributable, anyone may create a distribution for any purpose. ![]() 90% of all cloud infrastructure is powered by Linux including supercomputers and cloud providers. The source code may be used, modified and distributed commercially or non-commercially by anyone under the terms of its respective licenses, such as the GNU General Public License. Linux is one of the most prominent examples of free and open-source software collaboration. ![]() Although not released until 1992, due to legal complications, development of 386BSD, from which NetBSD, OpenBSD and FreeBSD descended, predated that of Linux. Linus Torvalds has stated that if the GNU kernel had been available at the time (1991), he would not have decided to write his own. By the early 1990s, many of the programs required in an operating system (such as libraries, compilers, text editors, a command-line shell, and a windowing system) were completed, although low-level elements such as device drivers, daemons, and the kernel, called GNU Hurd, were stalled and incomplete. Later, in 1985, Stallman started the Free Software Foundation and wrote the GNU General Public License (GNU GPL) in 1989. The GNU Project, started in 1983 by Richard Stallman, had the goal of creating a "complete Unix-compatible software system" composed entirely of free software. Onenote for mac sort notebooksFrustrated by the licensing of MINIX, which at the time limited it to educational use only, he began to work on his own operating system kernel, which eventually became the Linux kernel.Torvalds began the development of the Linux kernel on MINIX and applications written for MINIX were also used on Linux. Creation In 1991, while attending the University of Helsinki, Torvalds became curious about operating systems. Although the complete source code of MINIX was freely available, the licensing terms prevented it from being free software until the licensing changed in April 2000. Tanenbaum, a computer science professor, and released in 1987 as a minimal Unix-like operating system targeted at students and others who wanted to learn operating system principles. MINIX was created by Andrew S. Torvalds had already considered the name "Linux", but initially dismissed it as too egotistical. During the start of his work on the system, some of the project's makefiles included the name "Freax" for about half a year. Naming 5.25-inch floppy disks holding a very early version of LinuxLinus Torvalds had wanted to call his invention " Freax", a portmanteau of "free", "freak", and "x" (as an allusion to Unix). Developers worked to integrate GNU components with the Linux kernel, making a fully functional and free operating system. Torvalds initiated a switch from his original license, which prohibited commercial redistribution, to the GNU GPL. GNU applications also replaced all MINIX components, because it was advantageous to use the freely available code from the GNU Project with the fledgling operating system code licensed under the GNU GPL can be reused in other computer programs as long as they also are released under the same or a compatible license. info)) with the kernel source code. To further demonstrate how the word "Linux" should be pronounced, he included an audio guide ( listen ( help Later, however, Torvalds consented to "Linux".According to a newsgroup post by Torvalds, the word "Linux" should be pronounced ( / ˈ l ɪ n ʊ k s/ ( listen) LIN-uuks) with a short ‘i’ as in ‘print’ and ‘u’ as in ‘put’. Ari Lemmke, Torvalds' coworker at the Helsinki University of Technology (HUT), who was one of the volunteer administrators for the FTP server at the time, did not think that "Freax" was a good name, so he named the project "Linux" on the server without consulting Torvalds. Linux gaming is also on the rise with Valve showing its support for Linux and rolling out SteamOS, its own gaming-oriented Linux distribution. Linux distributions have also become popular in the netbook market, with many devices shipping with customized Linux distributions installed, and Google releasing their own Chrome OS designed for netbooks.Linux's greatest success in the consumer market is perhaps the mobile device market, with Android being one of the most dominant operating systems on smartphones and very popular on tablets and, more recently, on wearables. Use of Linux distributions in home and enterprise desktops has been growing. Today, Linux systems are used throughout computing, from embedded systems to virtually all supercomputers, and have secured a place in server installations such as the popular LAMP application stack. Commercial use began when Dell and IBM, followed by Hewlett-Packard, started offering Linux support to escape Microsoft's monopoly in the desktop operating system market.
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